There is! See “Errors are values” from the Go blog: https://go.dev/blog/errors-are-values

I would rename Check to Must which there is at least some precedent for.

I would call it a taboo because it diverges from the general best practice. That makes your code harder to read and understand for people less familiar with "your style". Given that code is read much more often that it is written, you are optimizing on the wrong end.

I too consider that if err != nil a bit complicated to type. Most times, I wrap it away in a function like your Check0. I know that the major "framework" for command line applications (cobra) has a similar logic with its checkError function.