The Palmer Raids were a series of raids conducted in November 1919 and January 1920 during the First Red Scare by the United States Department of Justice (DoJ) under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson. The raids targeted suspected leftists and labor activists, mostly Italian and Eastern European immigrants, especially if they were anarchists or communists, and generally sought to deport them from the United States.

The raids and arrests occurred under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, with more than 3,000 arrested. Though 556 people were deported, including many prominent leftist leaders like Emma Goldman, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor, which had authority for deportations and objected to methods.

On this day in 1920, the Justice Department launched its second series of raids against leftists and labor organizers across more than 23 states. Because the raids targeted entire organizations, agents engaged in mass arrests, and President Hoover later admitted that there were "clear cases of brutality".

Although the DoJ initially claimed to have taken possession of several bombs, no evidence of the bombs was produced. In their entirety, all the raids only confiscated four pistols.

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