They've identified it as a critical resource (as has a number of other countries - Australia has a few startups to commence mining it)
High-purity quartz [which is used across the solar manufacturing sector and also for computer chips]—most of it comes from the US.
[Ultra-pure quartz] is actually one example where there’ve been a lot of joint public-private efforts to develop more ultra-pure quartz capacity in China. They’re investing in domestic production because that’s one sector where North America dominates current production. [Two American companies in North Carolina] produce like 180,000 tons of ultra-pure quartz a year; [Jiangsu Pacific Quartz Products, a Chinese company] is scaling up [its capacity] this year from 5,000 to 20,000 tons; and that’s basically all of the global production.
It's possible but difficult - I believe there's research underway on how to better synthesise extremely high purity silicon dioxide (99.9999%) for sub-3nm semiconductors. Nothing at the volume required.
Here is an existing purification method for high purity quartz (99.98%)
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You can also see that some elements are particularly troublesome to remove - lithium, aluminium and titanium.
Thank you for the information! I have another question if you don't mind.
If the global market is only 1B why should anyone worry about this? I'm getting the impression that silicone chips aren't that important and might even have better substitutions. Am I wrong to think this way?
It would be an issue if someone nuked Spruce Pine as it would take a reasonable amount of time to survey and prepare mining infrastructure for other sites.
High purity quartz is very important but there's probably enough existing inventory for the mines to commence operating again (and there's still all the stuff in the refining and purification chain).
It's just concentrated in NC because it's relatively cheap and low volume - $5 a kg, similar to the price of zinc except that zinc mining and demand volumes are ~100 times higher. They have the biggest known deposit so there's no point to develop your own mining and refining industry unless you think your country will be cut off.
Or another example, most of the world's cobalt is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and there would be huge supply chain disruptions if you nuked the DRC - but that doesn't mean that cobalt has little value. Of course in they scenario, other mines would open (or reopen, in the case of Australia which was the primary cobalt producer until the ~late 90s).
They exported $200 million vs the US's $80 million in 2021 so I imagine so. Unless the type of quartz is very different, this seems like an exaggeration.
High-purity quartz products are categorized into four grades based on SiO2 purity: ultra-high purity (ω(SiO2) ≥ 99.998% or 4N8), high-purity (ω(SiO2) ≥ 99.995% or 4N5), medium-purity (ω(SiO2) ≥ 99.99% or 4N), and standard-purity (ω(SiO2) ≥ 99.9% or 3N).
does china really not have its own source?
They've identified it as a critical resource (as has a number of other countries - Australia has a few startups to commence mining it)
https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/09/13/1079377/china-clean-tech-supply-chain/
It is possible to refine lower quality quartz into higher quality quartz but it is very energy intensive.
The entire global market is only $1 billion so that's part of the reason why there hasn't been much competition.
Can't they make high quality quartz in a lab like diamonds and sapphires?
It's possible but difficult - I believe there's research underway on how to better synthesise extremely high purity silicon dioxide (99.9999%) for sub-3nm semiconductors. Nothing at the volume required.
Here is an existing purification method for high purity quartz (99.98%)
You can also see that some elements are particularly troublesome to remove - lithium, aluminium and titanium.
Thank you for the information! I have another question if you don't mind.
If the global market is only 1B why should anyone worry about this? I'm getting the impression that silicone chips aren't that important and might even have better substitutions. Am I wrong to think this way?
It would be an issue if someone nuked Spruce Pine as it would take a reasonable amount of time to survey and prepare mining infrastructure for other sites.
High purity quartz is very important but there's probably enough existing inventory for the mines to commence operating again (and there's still all the stuff in the refining and purification chain).
It's just concentrated in NC because it's relatively cheap and low volume - $5 a kg, similar to the price of zinc except that zinc mining and demand volumes are ~100 times higher. They have the biggest known deposit so there's no point to develop your own mining and refining industry unless you think your country will be cut off.
Or another example, most of the world's cobalt is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and there would be huge supply chain disruptions if you nuked the DRC - but that doesn't mean that cobalt has little value. Of course in they scenario, other mines would open (or reopen, in the case of Australia which was the primary cobalt producer until the ~late 90s).
They exported $200 million vs the US's $80 million in 2021 so I imagine so. Unless the type of quartz is very different, this seems like an exaggeration.
They are pretty different:
you telling me that i can buy standard-purity high-purity quartz? thats fucked up