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I opened this up thinking about commenting exactly this, then wondered if it was too flippant. Glad someone else was in the same wavelength :P
Minority can be used as both a reference to a numerical quantity relative to another as well as the relative political/social power. So the word "minority" should be correct.
Oppressed might be a synonym in this context as mentioned by AlephNull.
normally its just called minority rule, but there are other names like Elite dominance, Minoritarianism or Dominant minority
You could just call them a social minority or a minority group, contrasted to numerical minority, if making that distinction is important in the context.