The PCI was founded as the Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno by Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci.
Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played a major role in the Italian resistance movement the most famous being the Brigate Garibaldi with over 500 brigates during WW2, at the end of the War when Benito Mussolini was escaping to swizerland he was captured and recognized by Communist Partisans and Executed
In the 1970s the PCI reached its all-time maximum electorally: 34.4% in the 1976 general election (12,600,000 votes, 3 million more than in the previous election in 1972). Membership also saw a similarly sharp increase, with over 1,800,000 in the same year (300,000 more than in 1970). becoming the Biggest Communist party in the Imperial core
Sadly due to Fascist violent, State oppresion and CIA intervention (operation gladio) that culminated in the Years of Lead the PCI was not able to mantain itself.
Achille Occhetto became general secretary of the PCI in 1988. At a 1989 conference in a working-class section of Bologna, Occhetto stunned the party faithful with a speech heralding the end of Communism, a move now referred to in Italian politics as the svolta della Bolognina (Bolognina turning point) Under his leadership, the PCI dissolved and refounded itself as the Democratic Party of the Left, which branded itself as a progressive left-wing and democratic socialist party.
Antonia Gramsci - The Prison Notebooks no Gramsci emote :angery:
Amadeo Bordiga - The Science and Passion of Communism :bordiga-despair:
Absolutely! The best single history of the PCI (the Italian Communist Party) is Magri’s The Tailor of Ulm .. For the origins of the Italian Communist experience during and after WWII check out Pavone’s epic A Civil War , which is fantastically written by a former member of the Resistance. For a more on the ground look at how the PCI functioned, check out Rossanda’s The Comrade From Milan (a memoir) or Morselli’s The Communist (fiction). For a deeper look into Italian Autonomist Marxism, a philosophical strain of Marxism pioneered in the PCI, check out Wright’s Storming Heaven (which is a history of the movement) and Tronti’s Workers and Capital (its chief theoretical text). There’s plenty else to check out, including works by Gramsci and Bordiga, but I haven’t personally read them so can’t recommend. That said, I’m sure they’re good!
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My body aches more sitting at my desk all day than it did when I did 9 hours of manual labor in the sun on my feet.
Standing desks suck because I can't stand anymore.
Feel that pain. Did you get an injury or something that stops you standing?
Was gonna suggest 2 30 min walks a day, with exercises every 5 mins or so. It's done wonders for my back. there's more details if you want them.
No, I'm just experiencing the effects of only standing on the walk to the bathroom and to and from my car. Its literally just the pain from atrophy and the awful effects sitting has on the body.
I even live in an area with extensive green space and walking paths, public basketball courts, skateparks, etc. I'm just lazy and exhausted from work and choose to immediately sit down when I get home.
If I walk 2x a week for about 4 weeks I can easily get back to 6 mile walks being fun and relatively painless. Its just cold outside and hard to motivate myself to leaving the apartment.
got it.
dat atrophy is no joke. I've got experience. It's why I replied. Really don't want to be preachy here, I know how much of a turnoff it is, but you gotta move. I forged a letter from a doctor that said I needed consideration for back issues. Now I get up from the desk every 40 mins and move for 5 mins. Air squats. Touch toes. A variety of dumb calistenics. Got a padded mat near the desk I lie on and stretch/move. I walk up + down stairs backwards now ffs. Walk around all lunchbreak too. Couldn't be bothered with six mile walks tbh but am moving a lot more and it's made a massive difference. Pain/Discomfort mostly gone, sleep much better, energy levels better. It means I can actually do some praxis too instead of just feeling like zoning out after a day.
What a preachy fucking post.
Nah I appreciate it. I go in and out of periods of high activity and I know I feel a lot better with it. I skated for a bit and even with bumps and cuts I felt better. I keep telling myself I'm gonna start my day with pushups and its been like 8 months without doing it. I recently started waking myself up earlier which has been nice.
Told my wife I need her to pressure me into walks again. Once I get in the motions I can pressure her back.
I really miss college, where I'd bike at the very least 1-2 miles a day, walk around a lot between classes, and have access to a high quality gym with like 4 power racks. I don't want to pay into shitty corporate gyms by me. I once belonged to a mom&pop power lifting gym that was amazing.
I usually don't take lunch breaks since I have a very flexible schedule, I can basically come and go whenever I want, so I get in early and try to leave as early as possible to have the biggest block of evening free time I can get. So typically I wont want to spend an extra thirty minutes at work walking, only to get home 30 minutes later and be back in the traffic zone.
Fucker your life sounds fine. Stop whining ffs hahaha. I pictured someone in a bad situation locked to a pc or something. Go and do some praxis lol. I'm saying this with affection :)
Yeah as far as suffering is concerned, its the lowest level. I really meant to just vent to the megathread.
I appreciate the tough love haha.
lol I replied because I pictured you chained to a pc in some kind of dickensian scenario, joints seizing up, unaware of the health issues. tbh tough love needed here too. let's resolve to be tougher on ourselves, when appropriate o7
Yeah I'm not down with the whole wanting to be babied on the internet and never be told you need to put in effort type thing.
I hate Winters. I force myself on a busted treadmill to do at least 3 miles of extra walking a day, usually closer to 5. But I have the space for said shitty treadmill. And there's no way anyone is getting me to walk outside in the cold.
There are few things I dislike more than a treadmill. Last time I regularly used one I basically only focused on getting my mile time down so I'd spend less time on the treadmill. I rather walk in the cold tbh.
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I have an up/down desk at work thankfully, so I can stand part time.
I'm thinking of upgrading my old 27'' steel roadbike to 700cc and giving it new brakes/wheels/gearset/brake handles/etc. I love the frame but I pulled it out of the trash 10 years ago and maintained it the best I could but the wheels are out of true and hard to get tires for. Maybe If the bike is faster and more comfortable I'd ride more.