Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a settlement of fugitive slaves established gradually from the early 1600s to 1694, about 60k inland from the northeast coast of Brazil around the regions of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Estimates indicated that 10,000 to 20,000 fugitive slaves, native Brazilians, and various outcast groups (such as Jews and Muslims) inhabited Palmares throughout the period.
Portuguese colonization, particularly from 1570, brought sugar cane plantations to the northeast coast of Brazil, utilizing, as labor, enslaved Africans and native peoples. Some of the slaves and native Americans resisted and established small settlements or quilombos in the area of Pernambuco, where palm trees abounded (thus the name Palmares).
Illustrative of its complexity, Quilombo dos Palmares in 1640 was described as comprising several separate settlements which pledged their loyalty to one leader (chief). Two of the settlements were mostly of Indigenous origin (Subupira e Tabocas); one of the Portuguese colonists who joined the quilombo (Amaro), and seven Bantos, that is, settlements of fugitive slaves (Andalaquituche, Macaco, Aqualtene, Ambrabanga, Tabocas, Zumbi, Arotiene). With its capital in Macaco, Palmares possessed a complex social structure, replicating, in many instances, African political systems.
When the Portuguese lost control of the region to the Dutch in the 1630s, the new colonial rulers continued the military campaign of the earlier Portuguese to bring Palmares under control. They were no more successful than their predecessors, and the quilombo continued to grow. In 1654, when Portugal regained control of the area, it resumed its attempts to conquer Palmares.
Portuguese military forces and mill owners in the region attempted to regain control over the quilombo for the next forty years. Ganga-Zumba, the Palmares chief during the latter part of this period, tried to negotiate an agreement with the Portuguese where the quilombo would no longer accept fugitive slaves or fight the Portuguese in exchange for permanent recognition of their land and freedom for those born in Palmares. However, Zumbi, the settlement’s military leader, chose resistance to the Portuguese. The Portuguese never accepted Ganga-Zumbi’s proposal and continued to attack the quilombo. Finally, in 1694, Palmares was conquered and destroyed by a military force under the command of Domingos Jorge Velho. Zumbi was killed one year later in 1695.
Palmares was a multifaceted quasi-state that lasted for most of the 17th Century, resisting attack by two European powers. Known for challenging Dutch and Portuguese sovereignty in Brazil, Palmares was a symbol of resistance to colonialism and the possibility of multicultural coexistence.
However, the destruction of Palmares failed to stem the emergence of hundreds, perhaps thousands of smaller quilombos throughout Brazil. Nor did it prevent countless other acts of resistance that undermined planter domination even after the abolition of slavery in 1888. Cheney describes how the legend of the Quilombo dos Palmares inspired a 1988 constitutional amendment that extended land rights to the descendants of fugitive slaves. Thousands of “modern quilombos” have petitioned for government recognition while organizing mass movement in the countryside that has won concessions from local landowners and pressured elected officials to implement affirmative action policies in other areas. In 2015, the specter of Palmares looms large over Brazil.
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My uncle is the opposite of the depressed divorced dad trope.
I've always known him as permanently grumpy and annoyed, but he divorced his horrible wife of over two decades a few years ago and he's a completely different man. He's still a quiet guy but he lost weight, he's smiling way more, joking around and just generally so much happier. It's really nice, actually.
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No current struggle session discussion here on the new general megathread, i will ban you from the comm and remove your comment, have a good day/night :meow-coffee:
Crazy? I was crazy once. They locked me in a room. A rubber room. A rubber room with femboys. And femboys make me crazy. Crazy?
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saw this in my suggestions courtesy of the mrbeastify browser extension
I have godlike patience. I drove next to someone with 1488 on the back of their car and didn't kill them. Our time will come
Repeating "your loved ones need you outside of prison" to myself like a mantra as I strain against the urge to cull each of the white nationalists in my town whose cars bear the pitbull emblem
The virgin "idc if I'm white I should be able to say all the words in this rap song it's just a song!!!!😡"
vs
The Chad "I replace the words I can't say with 'buddies' and 'fella' which makes it really funny😎"
trying to very, very quickly fit "African American individual" instead of the n word in a song
Divorced from context it is very weird there are songs with words that some people aren't allowed to say.
The New COD Campaign will feature you playing as a member of the elite Sperm Extraction Unit
Pay $4.99 for IDF cum extractor cosmetics and half the proceeds go to paying the electrical bill in the IDF cum storage room!
look for leftist space after cth banned
Leave Raddle because there are only 3 posters
4 years later one of those 3 posters is fighting on hexbear
Holy shit, I've had like very little breast growth in the first year of HRT but for some fucking reason they've like almost doubled in size in like the past 2 weeks
I am absolutely not complaining lmao, just super surprised. Hopefully I can keep that up for as long as possible
Noticing that was a nice way to start the week off lmao
Help! Today I have to vote between:
Captain Ancap™ :
ShowOr
Mister Yankee Embassy™:
ShowHow do I accelerate a socialist uprising?
Captain Ancap is extremely funny
Like, what's he gonna do fight crime for a fair market price?
The heroin needle practically fell out of my arm. “What kind of monster would do something like that? Bitcoins are the ultimate currency: virtual, anonymous, stateless. They represent true economic freedom, not subject to arbitrary manipulation by any government. Do we have any leads?”
“Not yet. But mark my words: we’re going to figure out who did this and we’re going to take them down … provided someone pays us a fair market rate to do so.”
“Easy, chief,” I said. “Any rate the market offers is, by definition, fair.”
I always read this whenever it's posted, it's so goddamn funny
Captain Ancap™ wants to completely give away the monetary sovereignty to the Yankees by switching to the Dollar.
And "cut ties with China and Brasil", illegalize abortion, legalize organs market, end public education and public healthcare, legalize open carry, etc etc
If organs are free game for sell, on what point are fetus too? I think is fair for any woman who wants, to receive a fair compensation from the baby she's bringing to the world.
When you have to vote the status quo or the triple back flip to a volcano.
I can't stop thinking he put on his mask wrong. That dent just feels as if it was made for the nose. IDK.
Un placer, chabón.
No creo que importe mucho decir esto por acá, pero soy de Tigre y mierda que Massa es un teresito importante. Ni te cuento el COT, Nordelta y la situación de Las Tunas.
Pero bueno es mejor que Milei y, el monstruo mayor, Villarruel.
Que tengas un buen día che.
Hemorrhoids are a crime. No one should have hemorrhoids. Can we boost this and get this viral guys?
Me, every day: Damn I lost my phone again, better ring it (with KDE connect <3)
Me, 2 seconds later: Oh fuck who's calling??