Juneteenth (officially Juneteenth National Independence Day) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the emancipation of enslaved African Americans. Deriving its name from combining June and nineteenth, it is celebrated on the anniversary of the order by Major General Gordon Granger proclaiming freedom for slaves in Texas on June 19, 1865 (two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued). Originating in Galveston, Juneteenth has since been observed annually in various parts of the United States, often broadly celebrating African-American culture.
Early celebrations date back to 1866, at first involving church-centered community gatherings in Texas. They spread across the South and became more commercialized in the 1920s and 1930s, often centering on a food festival. Participants in the Great Migration brought these celebrations to the rest of the country. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, these celebrations were eclipsed by the nonviolent determination to achieve civil rights, but grew in popularity again in the 1970s with a focus on African American freedom and African-American arts. Beginning with Texas by proclamation in 1938, and by legislation in 1979, every U.S. state and the District of Columbia has formally recognized the holiday in some way. Juneteenth is also celebrated by the Mascogos, descendants of Black Seminoles who escaped from slavery in 1852 and settled in Coahuila, Mexico.
Early history
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), emancipation came at different times in different parts of the Southern United States. Large celebrations of emancipation, often called Jubilees (recalling the biblical Jubilee, in which slaves were freed), took place on September 22, January 1, July 4, August 1, April 6, and November 1, among other dates. When emancipation finally came to Texas, on June 19, 1865, as the southern rebellion collapsed, celebration was widespread. While that date did not actually mark the unequivocal end of slavery, even in Texas, and emancipation has been celebrated on other dates, June 19 came to be a day of shared commemoration across the United States – created, preserved, and spread by ordinary African Americans – of slavery's wartime demise.
On the morning of June 19, 1865, Union Major General Gordon Granger arrived on the island of Galveston to take command of the more than 2,000 federal troops recently landed in the department of Texas to enforce the emancipation of its slaves and oversee Reconstruction, nullifying all laws passed within Texas during the war by Confederate lawmakers. The order informed all Texans that, in accordance with a Proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves were free.
Former slaves in Galveston rejoiced after General Order No. 3. One year later, on June 19, 1866, freedmen in Texas organized the first of what became annual commemorations of "Jubilee Day". Early celebrations were used as political rallies to give voting instructions to newly freed African Americans
Decline of celebrations during the Jim Crow era
In the early 20th century, economic and political forces led to a decline in Juneteenth celebrations. From 1890 to 1908, Texas and all former Confederate states passed new constitutions or amendments that effectively disenfranchised Black people, excluding them from the political process. White-dominated state legislatures passed Jim Crow laws imposing second-class status.
The Great Depression forced many Black people off farms and into the cities to find work, where they had difficulty taking the day off to celebrate. From 1936 to 1951, the Texas State Fair served as a destination for celebrating the holiday, contributing to its revival. In 1936, an estimated 150,000 to 200,000 people joined the holiday's celebration in Dallas.
Revival
Juneteenth soon saw a revival as Black people began tying their struggle to that of ending slavery. In Atlanta, some campaigners for equality wore Juneteenth buttons. During the 1968 Poor People's Campaign to Washington, DC, called by Rev. Ralph Abernathy, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference made June 19 the "Solidarity Day of the Poor People’s Campaign".
In the late 1970s, when the Texas Legislature declared Juneteenth a "holiday of significance ... particularly to the blacks of Texas," it became the first state to establish Juneteenth as a state holiday.
Since the 1980s and 1990s, the holiday has been more widely celebrated among African-American communities and has seen increasing mainstream attention in the US. In 1997, activist Ben Haith created the Juneteenth flag, which was further refined by illustrator Lisa Jeanne Graf. The holiday gained mainstream awareness outside African-American communities through depictions in entertainment media.
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Theory:
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Remember nerds just like in the old site, no current struggle session discussion here on the new general megathread, i will ban you from the comm and remove your comment, have a good day/night :meow-coffee:
I had to remade the nerd call from scratch because it seems that the new site uses a new user ping, so if you dont appear is probably because i may have jump over your name, but its fine because you can just ask to be added back nerd, this took 40 minutes
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Today some billionaires died in a sub, a pig got shot in Pennsylvania, and some Nazi leader died, pretty good day tbh
ok real funny guys i leave for a weekend to do some acid and yall change the site fuck off
it's always been like this. you sure you came back to the right dimension?
concentrate on the emoji you want to appear. your neuralink port not working or something?
Type a : and then start typing the name of your emote. There's new ones too
:nothing happens:
edit: and by nothing i mean no emoji window or anything
oh it's super sensitive: so i can't go :thin and get all the "thinking" emojis in fact to even use
i have to write it out pretty precisely
update is pretty mid
edit: hmmm it's only in this thread? or in editing comments or hyperlinked threads? idk but it was way more fluid in another thread
It's working for me, but I've had strange one-off bugs that only appear in a certain thread but not in others. Hopefully it's just growing pains and we get some updates/stability as things settle down.
honestly it's probably an addon (ublock or noscript tho they are both disabled for this site) interfering with things
That's weird for sure - maybe add that to the bugs thread with your OS/browser. In the meantime can you access them through the 😊 icon underneath your comment box?
In the meantime can you access them through the 😊 icon underneath your comment box?
ye
Stress stress stress 🙃
More hair falling out in the shower 🤡
Stuck in my room 90% of the day 😋
Got my first outright rejection from a job application today which I'm actually pleased about. Shows I'm not totally screaming into the void at the very least, and it's one less possibility to worry about. Really hoping this interview tomorrow isn't a bust. Also a week and a half until my therapist is back!
Ngl took me kind of an embarrassingly long time to realize that people weren't manually typing "*temporarily disabled inline images *" as a bit.
I will excuse myself by the fact that I've been near far too many online communities where people whine by just copy pasting some mod/staff comment they want to mock over and over.
Life pro tip: Be honest in your dating profiles.
Last week I added "inspiring eco terrorist" and not only am I getting more matches then ever, I am getting matched with people with similar interests as me.
Also my sister dead ass gave me the boomer "when I was your age I only made $X and I managed" in the car yesterday. Whipped out an inflation calc and turns out she was only making a little less than my wage purely based on CPI
At least she recognized her boomericity right after she said it
You know what’ll be pretty cool now that we’re back on lemmy?
THE RETURN OF THE 1K MEGA
amber bot is currently dead due to API changes. Gonna fix it this weekend probably
plants when the PH level is slightly off
dandelions: "A crack in the concrete? Excellent!"
alright we def need a minimum account score for images. just got to see scat porn on here