Antipope, in the Roman Catholic church, one who opposes the legitimately elected bishop of Rome, endeavours to secure the papal throne, and to some degree succeeds materially in the attempt. This abstract definition is necessarily broad and does not reckon with the complexity of individual cases. The elections of several antipopes are greatly obscured by incomplete or biased records, and at times even their contemporaries could not decide who was the true pope. It is impossible, therefore, to establish an absolutely definitive list of antipopes, but it is generally conceded that there were at least 37 from 217 to 1439. Felix V (1439–49) was the last. Historically, antipopes have arisen as a result of a variety of causes; the following are some examples:
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Doctrinal disagreement. The spread of Monarchianism (a Trinitarian heresy) led a Roman priest, Hippolytus, to try to replace Pope Calixtus I in the 3rd century. Hippolytus was later reconciled to Pope Pontianus during the persecution of Maximinus and died a martyr’s death (235).
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Deportation of the pope. The Arian emperor Constantius II exiled Pope Liberius for his orthodoxy (355) and imposed the archdeacon Felix on the Roman clergy as Pope Felix II. Eventually, Liberius was allowed to return, and Felix lived in retirement until his death.
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Double elections arbitrated by the secular authority. In 418 the archdeacon Eulalius was elected by a faction partial to him, and he was supported by the imperial prefect and the Byzantine court. The rest of the clergy, however, chose the priest Boniface I, who was eventually given official recognition by the emperor.
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Double elections and subsequent recourse to a third candidate. In the 7th century Paschal and Theodore were rivals for the papacy, and both were unwilling to renounce their claims. Finally, a part of the community more inclined to moderation gained the papacy for Sergius I.
Somewhat similarly, in the 14th century the official residence of the papacy was moved to Avignon, France. This led to a schism (the Great Western Schism) beginning in 1378 that resulted in a papacy in Rome (regarded as canonical), a papacy in Avignon (regarded as antipapal), and eventually a third papacy established by the Council of Pisa (also regarded as antipapal). Unity was finally achieved by the election of Martin V on Nov. 11, 1417.
- Change in the manner of choosing the pope. In 1059 a new procedure for electing popes, proclaimed by Pope Nicholas II, deprived the German emperors of the leading role that they had played in earlier papal elections and also limited the influence of the Roman nobility. This led to the election of the antipope Honorius II in opposition to the canonically elected Alexander II, who was eventually recognized by the emperor.
Megathreads and spaces to hang out:
- ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube
- 💖 Come talk in the New Monthly queer thread
- 🧡 Monthly Neurodiverse Megathread
- 💛 Read about a current topic in the news
- ⭐️ October Movie Nominations ⭐️
reminders:
- 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics
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- 💜 Sorting by new you nerd
- 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can go here nerd
- 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon instance toots.matapacos.dog
- ☮️ you can join the upcoming anti war rally this march
Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):
Aid:
- 💙Comprehensive list of resources for those in need of an abortion -- reddit link
- 💙Resources for Palestine
Theory:
Sure the Chinese sex dungeon isn't real but doesn't it say a lot about the Chinese leadership that I believed it? It certainly can't be my fault at least for being so gullible with propaganda.
Nancy Pelosi reportedly didn't bring the act to end daylight savings time to a floor vote because she wanted to focus on the stupid war in Ukraine
Fan drama between people who can and will start wars if someone makes fun of their ship too much.
New Megathread Nerds!!! :posting: :jesus-cleanse:
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🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon instance toots.matapacos.dog
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🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can go here nerd
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Remember nerds, no current struggle session discussion here on the general megathread, i will ban you from the comm and remove your comment, have a good day/night :meow-coffee:
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:yes-honey-left: Can you forgive student loan debt please?
:biden-rember: Fuck off, who cares about that nonsense.
:porky-happy: We did a fucky-wucky at the bank and played around with people's money too much, bailout please?
:biden-troll: Yes sir, right away sir!
Gun parts came in, time to ye olde gun smythe.
I don't think most people know how guns work, but they're mostly made of of screws, pegs, and springs the size of a pencil lead (Do zoomers know what that means?) all held under tension with enough force to go flying in to the great beyond if you lose focus for even a second, never to be seen again. Most AR-15 build guides advise you to get several sets of pins and springs because you're inevitably going to lose at least one during assembly.
Bipolar be like "What you wanted to work with tiny parts in finnicky operations? Fuck you, I'm setting your frustration tolerance to zero. Eat shit nerd."
Anyway, I didn't have the pin punch I needed anyway, but still. I just wanna grill man. Getting real sick of this serious, chronic, debilitating mental illness shit.
Since I'm gonna have to wait a week for the punch I guess I might as well order another roll pin just in case I damage the one I've already got.
: p
reject semi-automatic modern firearms. Return to iron tube with one end sealed and a little hole drilled in to it.
Bipolar be like “What you wanted to work with tiny parts in finnicky operations? Fuck you, I’m setting your frustration tolerance to zero. Eat shit nerd.”
:solidarity:
bitching about movies
seeing a bunch of people (which i had not seen on this site, until now) say shit about eeaao like "this movie was so reddit, none of the fights were any good, it had nothing meaningful to say. this winning best picture is like 9/11 but for movies. also i turned it off 20 minutes in."
i'm not saying you can't decide you don't like a movie 20 minutes in and turn it off. but i do think you probably shouldn't be complaining about the broader thematic content of it, and you probably shouldn't get to constantly complain about the movie winning best picture. either watch the movie so you can have an actual opinion on it or stop talking about it
Whoa hey Im on this site and Im calling EEAAO reddit. Im out here doing my damnest to be a good hater and I will not be ignored!
:disgost:
sure, but i haven't seen you say "this is the worst movie ever made, also i never saw it," you just keep calling it mid. which i disagree with, but whatever
Well I also haven't seen it so you can check off that one :gigachad:
I haven't seen it but saw the other two flicks those dudes did and they were both dog shit so I'm at least extremely skeptical that it's worth watching at all much less best film of the year so maybe add me too
i mean i liked it but i'm not telling anyone they need to watch or like it. i just think if you're writing reviews on letterboxd about how dogshit it is and how it winning an award is the greatest travesty in the history of the academy without having seen it you should chill
And now my shitbag samsung phone won't charge :ooooooooooooooh: great. There's another fucking problem, I'm probably going to be without a phone for a bit now.